It has largely replaced ergotamine as the principal agent to increase uterine tone in acute postpartum haemorrhage. Oxytocin is also used in veterinary medicine to facilitate birth and to increase milk production. It has fewer side-effects than drugs previously used for this purpose ritodrine, salbutamol and terbutaline. Some have suggested that the trust-inducing property of oxytocin might help those who suffer from social anxieties, while others have noted the potential for abuse with confidence tricks.
Oxytocin is relatively safe when used at recommended doses. Potential side effects include: Central nervous system: Subarachnoid hemorrhage, seizures; Cardiovascular: Increased heart rate, blood pressure, systemic venous return, cardiac output, and arrhythmias;Genitourinary: Impaired uterine blood flow, pelvic hematoma, tetanic uterine contractions, uterine rupture, postpartum hemorrhage.
Virtually all vertebrates have an oxytocin-like nonapeptide hormone that supports reproductive functions and a vasopressin-like nonapeptide hormone involved in water regulation. The two genes are always located close to each other less than 15, bases apart on the same chromosome and are transcribed in opposite directions. It is thought that the two genes resulted from a gene duplication event; the ancestral gene is estimated to be about million years old and is found in cyclostomes modern members of the Agnatha.
External links. Explain it with Molecules. How do Drugs Work? Toggle navigation World of Molecules. Oxytocin Molecule. Structure and relation to vasopressin Oxytocin is a peptide of nine amino acids a nonapeptide.
Actions Oxytocin has peripheral hormonal actions, and also has actions in the brain. Peripheral hormonal actions The peripheral actions of oxytocin mainly reflect secretion from the pituitary gland. Potential adverse reactions Oxytocin is relatively safe when used at recommended doses. Evolution Virtually all vertebrates have an oxytocin-like nonapeptide hormone that supports reproductive functions and a vasopressin-like nonapeptide hormone involved in water regulation.
Oxytocin increases trust in humans. Nature Stanton, A. Oxytocin increases generosity in humans. Stanton Scientific Journals International 1 1 What can voles teach us about monogamy? Biol Psychiatry 43 4 : PMID Neuropsychopharmacology 28 1 : A role for oxytocin and 5-HT 1A receptors in the prosocial effects of 3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine "ecstasy".
Randomised, double blind trial of oxytocin nasal spray in mothers expressing breast milk for preterm infants. OXT concentrations in the brain are much higher than in the peripheral tissues. Receptor for advanced glycation end-products RAGE on capillary endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier BBB can transport oxytocin from blood into the brain Yamamoto et al. Oxytocin pre-prohormone is produced mainly in the hypothalamus, from where it is transported to the posterior pituitary gland for storage and release.
The pre-prohormone protein is cleaved during its way in pituitary stalk to oxytocin and a larger peptide, neurophysin I, which are released in the blood simultaneously in equimolar amounts, bound to each other.
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Kisspeptin Kp , Metastin , human - 1 mg Cat. Number : AS Citations Angiotensin IV elevates oxytocin levels in the rat amygdala and produces anxiolytic-like activity through subsequent oxytocin receptor activation Psychopharmacology Berl. Beyer et al. Your choices regarding cookies on this site.
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