Several species like Tricyrtis macrantha, T. Some species produce flowers only at the tips of the stems while others produce flowers at every node along the stem. Some flowers are upward facing and others are nodding. The flowers are produced individually on most species. Tricyrtis 'Amanogawa'.
The orchid-like flowers typically have a white or yellow base color that is covered with hundreds of small purple spots. Some cultivars have no spots or pale yellow spots. Some flowers also have sections that are blue, yellow, orange or pink. To really appreciate the beauty and complexity of the flowers you have to observe them close up.
After flowering, the cylindrical seed capsules that split open to reveal tiny round, flat papery seeds. The nomenclature and taxonomy of the genus Tricyrtis, like so many plant groups, is tangled and tumultuous.
The most comprehensive description of the genus was made in a monograph by Brian Matthew. His work has been updated by the Flora of China project and by papers describing the newly discovered tricyrtis species. Toad lilies have hopped from one plant family to another over the last several decades. They have been placed in their own family Tricyrtidaceae, as well as Uvulariaceae, Calochortaceae and Convallariaceae.
Most folks still keep the genus Tricyrtis is in the Liliaceae family. The genus Tricyrtis has roughly 20 species depending on the source , of which only two, Tricyrtis formosana, and Tricyrtis hirta, are common in gardens. It is best to plant tricyrtis where they can be seen close-up, where their small intricately beautiful flowers can be best appreciated. Plant the upright varieties in the front of a border, while the arching species are best displayed weeping over a wall or on a hill.
Tricyrtis look great planted with hosta , anemone, ferns , astilbe , helleborus , polygonatum , uvularia , smilacina , carex and heuchera. Tricyrtis make great garden plants because they are easy to grow. Although they prefer a slightly moist, organically rich woodland site, they will tolerate some drought once established. Plants in containers, however, should be checked frequently to prevent them from drying out.
If plants are kept too dry, you will notice reduced flowering, and leaves will become spotted and brown along the edges. In less than ideal garden conditions, tricyrtis may be bothered by slugs and snails who like to munch on the new leaves as they emerge in the spring.
Organically active, nutritionally balanced soils that are active in predators such as toads, tend to keep these pests in check. Rabbits like to dine on the new growth but deer do not a major selling point. Another problem that has been popping up in the last few years is a Tricyrtis floral virus. This virus causes the flowers to become mottled and then turn completely purple. It won't make your toad lilies croak, but it does ruin the flower color. It is spread by aphids and can be slowed down by controlling the aphids.
There is no prevention or cure for it. If you see it you will need to remove the plant do no compost it to prevent the spread of the virus to your other tricyrtis. Instead of discarding the plants, some folks have unknowingly named cultivars because of the virus…the cultivar Tricyrtis 'Raspberry Mousse' is a classic example of this problem.
Tricyrtis 'Dark Beauty'. Commercially, tricyrtis are propagated in large numbers via both stem cutting and tissue culture. Home gardeners can easily propagate tricyrtis via seed, cuttings, or division.
The plant will reseed itself around the garden if happy, however, you can collect the seed in the late fall November as the capsules dry and split open. The seed should be sown fresh, but because of their small size, do not cover the seed with potting soil.
Some tricyrtis species seeds require a period of cold stratification before they will germinate. To divide a plant, you must be sure to get an underground growth bud. Simply taking a piece of the clump may not work, since during the summer, tricyrtis forms an underground growth bud for the upcoming year. Each stem grows only for one season, so if you take a stem with roots and miss the next years bud, you will not have a plant next year.
Stem cuttings are easy to root in the summer months…ideally before the flower buds develop. Remove a stem and cut it into " sections with a leaf near the top and bare stem below. Insert the stem into a rooting media up to the base of the leaf and place it where the leaf will stay moist until the new roots are formed. New plants will grow from the leaf axil and subsequently root into the soil. Tricyrtis can be hard to categorize, so we are grouping them below based on their growing characteristics.
Tricyrtis affinis Toad Lily syn. Tricyrtis clinata, Tricyrtis macropoda var. Tricyrtis affinis is an upright plant to 3' tall with broadly oval leaves, topped in late summer with purple-spotted white terminal-borne, upward facing flowers. Tricyrtis affinis makes a tight clump, and some of the best forms have amazingly beautiful dark spotted leaves.
Interesting, we have found that Tricyrtis affinis prefers colder climates as opposed to the heat of the south. Hardiness Zone , at least. Tricyrtis affinis 'Key Lime Pie'. Tricyrtis affinis 'Key Lime Pie' Key Lime Pie Toad Lily This outstanding Darrell Probst selection makes 3' tall stalks, clothed in marvelous silvery-green leaves, each highlighted by a wide medium-green streak down the middle and surrounded by green rounded blotches.
In late summer, the stalks are topped with small flower heads of 1" purple speckled flowers. Tricyrtis affinis 'Lunar Landing' Lunar Landing Toad Lily This Darrell Probst selection has silvery-chartreuse, velvet-textured leaves is bordered in dark green and then highlighted with dark green spots.
The 3' tall, red-purple stalks are topped by small clusters of purple, star-shaped flowers in late summer. Tricyrtis macropoda Giant Foot Toad Lily syn.
Tricyrtis chinensis, Tricyrtis chiugokuensis, Tricyrtis dilatata Similar to Tricyrtis affinis, Tricyrtis macropoda has a more rounded leaf that can be nicely spotted early in the season. It also forms an upright 3' tall plant with terminal clusters of less than showy white or pink flowers covered in overlapping mauve spots.
Tricyrtis macropoda 'Tricolor' Tricolor Toad Lily incorrectly sold as Tricyrtis affinis 'Tricolor' In spring, this is a amazing sight in the woodland garden , but the lack of vigor and small flowers has kept it from being widely available.
As Tricyrtis 'Tricolor' emerges, the young shoots are green marbled with both borders and vertical bands of white. The entire leaf is overlain with a dramatic purple flush. As the growth expands upward, the purple pigment begins to fade. The 2' tall stalks are topped with small light lavender flowers with dark purple spots in early summer, but grow this for the foliage only. Hardiness Zone Tricyrtis flava Dwarf Golden Toad Lily syn.
Tricyrtis kyusyuensis, Tricyrtis yatabeana This is without a doubt one of the finest members of the toad lily family, and certainly one of the least known. In early fall, this native of Eastern Kyushu, Japan forms short, compact 10" tall clumps of dark green foliage, topped with clusters of quarter-sized clear yellow upfacing terminal flowers held just above the foliage.
Tricyrtis flava var. In reality, Tricyrtis nana is probably nothing more than a diminutive population of Tricyrtis flava. The " tall plants, which may have subtly blotched foliage, are topped with upfacing bright yellow flowers in early fall. Tricyrtis nana is difficult to grow, first because of its small stature, but also due to its dislike of hot summers.
Hardiness Zone a. The normal green leaves on this 6" tall, tight clumper have been replaced with glossy black foliage, which is contrasted in September with bright yellow flowers borne in the upper leaf axils and at the terminal. Like other Tricyrtis nana selections, it does not do well in our North Carolina Garden, and is better suited for more northern locales. Hardiness Zone a, at least. Tricyrtis ohsumiensis. Tricyrtis ohsumiensis Dwarf Yellow Toad Lily syn.
Tricyrtis ohsumiensis makes a 1' tall clump of wide, lightly speckled, light green leaves, topped just above the foliage in early fall with large, bright-yellow flowers. Like all members of this group, be sure to plant it where it will not get smothered by larger plants. Tricyrtis ohsumiensis 'Lunar Eclipse' Lunar Eclipse Toad Lily This selection of the dwarf Japanese Tricyrtis ohsumiensis forms a small tight rosette of basal green leaves that extend upward on a short 10" stalk.
Each leaf is edged in a narrow band of white, and the clump is topped in September with large up-facing bright yellow flowers. This is the most vigorous of the variegated Tricyrtis ohsumiensis cultivars. Tricyrtis ohsumiensis 'Nakatsugawa' Nakatsugawa Toad Lily The wide, creamy white borders highlight the succulent, light green leaves Insoluble fibre helps promote regularity. A Teaspoon Guide to Australian s A Teaspoon Guide to Australian s The following lists set out the s on sale in Australia that have the least sugar the Best 10 , those that have the most sugar the.
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