This type of cartilage does not have a perichondrium as it is usually a transitional layer between hyaline cartilage and tendon or ligament. The picture above is a section of elastic cartilage, stained so that you can see the elastic fibres. For example, the Van Giesen stain stains elastic fibres black. In elastic cartilage, the chondrocytes are found in a threadlike network of elastic fibres within the matrix.
Elastic cartilage provides strength, and elasticity, and maintains the shape of certain structure such as the external ear. It has a perichondrium. Fibrocartilage: Fibrocartilage contains both type I and type II collagen fibers.
Hyaline Cartilage: Hyaline cartilage contains only the type II collagen fibrils. Fibrocartilage: Fibrocartilage contains a few chondrocytes in lacunae. Hyaline Cartilage: Hyaline cartilage contains large chondrocytes in lacunae.
Fibrocartilage: Fibrocartilage is a glass-like, translucent, bluish-white color cartilage. Hyaline Cartilage: Hyaline cartilage is white in color. Fibrocartilage: Fibrocartilage lacks a perichondrium. Hyaline Cartilage: Hyaline cartilage contains a perichondrium except the hyaline cartilage at the end of the growing bones.
Fibrocartilage: The fibrocartilage occurs in the pubic symphysis, menisci of the stifle joint, and the annulus fibrosis of the intervertebral discs.
Hyaline Cartilage: The hyaline cartilage occurs in the nasal septum, trachea, ends of the growing bones, and in between the ribs and the sternum. Fibrocartilage: Fibrocartilage attaches bones to other bones and provides restricted mobility to the joints. Hyaline Cartilage: Hyaline cartilage facilitates the smooth and lubricated movements of the bones at joints. Fibrocartilage and hyaline cartilage are two types of cartilage that occur in animals.
Fibrocartilage contains a lot of collagen fibers in the matrix. But, hyaline cartilage contains fewer collagen fibers in the matrix. Chondrocytes lie between the fibers. Elastic cartilage is found in the epiglottis part of the larynx and the pinnae the external ear flaps of many mammals, including humans.
Chondrification also known as chondrogenesis is the process by which cartilage is formed from condensed mesenchyme tissue. A chondrocyte: A chondrocyte, stained for calcium, showing its nucleus N and mitochondria M. Mesenchyme tissue differentiates into chondroblasts and begins secreting the molecules that form the extracellular matrix ECM. Mesenchymal stem cells MSCs are undifferentiated, meaning they can give rise to different cell types.
Under the appropriate conditions and at sites of cartilage formation, they are referred to as chondrogenic cells. During cartilage formation, undifferentiated MSCs are highly proliferative and form dense aggregates of chondrogenic cells at the center of chondrification. These condrogenic cells then differentiate to chondroblasts, which will then synthesize the cartilage ECM. Cartilage: Hyaline cartilage showing chondrocytes and organelles, lacunae and matrix.
The extracellular matrix consists of ground substance proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans and associated fibers, such as collagen. The chondroblasts then trap themselves in lacunae, small spaces that are no longer in contact with the newly created matrix and contain extracellular fluid. The chondroblast is now a chondrocyte, which is usually inactive but can still secrete and degrade the matrix depending on the conditions.
The majority of body cartilage is synthesized from chondroblasts that are largely inactive at later developmental stages compared to earlier years pre-pubescence. The division of cells within cartilage occurs very slowly. Therefore, growth in cartilage is usually not based on an increase in size or mass of the cartilage itself. Remodeling of cartilage is predominantly affected by changes and rearrangements of the collagen matrix, which responds to tensile and compressive forces experienced by the cartilage.
Cartilage growth thus mainly refers to matrix deposition, but can include both growth and remodeling of the ECM. Early in fetal development, the greater part of the skeleton is cartilaginous. This temporary cartilage is gradually replaced by bone endochondral ossification , a process that ends at puberty.
In contrast, the cartilage in the joints remains permanently unossified during life. Slide 71 Hyaline cartilage, Gallocyanin and Azure A stain. Again, note the perichondrium , chondrocytes in lacunae, capsule , isogenous groups , and territorial and interterritorial matrix. Supplemental Slide Developing bone.
This slide shows an example of articular cartilage , which has no perichondrium. It is a specialized type of hyaline cartilage found at the ends of articulating bones.
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