Buy these pants now! The vintage dress below has the dalmatian spots clustered tighter than you would see on a giraffe, cow, cheetah, leopard, etc. So when in doubt, check how concentrated the spots are to give it true dalmatian-worthy approval.
What a great post! SO useful! Great and very helpful post! I was just reading about this coming through as a Spring trend on Chictopia, so you were right on. There is another subspecies of giraffe with a significantly different pattern — thin white lines between the brown spots.
Catherine this is great to know — thank you! Had no idea. Thank you for your insights! Your email address will not be published. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Correct Zebra Print. Incorrect Zebra Print. White Tiger. Flashing Short Shorts the Philly Swap ». Comments What a great post! I always wondered the difference too.
Thank you for answering my query! Such an informative and interesting post, and now I know! Leave a Reply Cancel reply Your email address will not be published. More about Sammy Hi! My name is Sammy and I created this website as a place for myself and others to share their love for finding, selling and styling vintage. It's currently scaled as large as it can go, but it can be reduced in scale a LOT.
If current scale isn't suited to your needs, request resizing. View all my horse designs. Rescaling on request. Time variable. You can sell anything you make from the physical products you buy here, but you are not buying the rights to the designs. Do not download the images for reuse, or scan the actual fabric even if you intend to modify.
Your order is custom printed just for you, and we want you to love it. Rubenstein, D. Parasites and social behavior of island feral horses. Oikos 55 , — Espmark, Y. Lying down as a means of reducing fly harassment in red deer Cervus elaphus. Horvath, G. An unexpected advantage of whiteness in horses: the most horsefly-proof horse has a depolarizing white coat. Duncan, P. The effect of group size in horses on the rate of attacks by blood-sucking flies.
Hollander, A. Impact of tabanids on cattle: blood meal size and preferred feeding sites. Cheng, T. The effect of biting fly control on weight gain in beef cattle. Grannett, P. The effect of biting fly control on milk production. Taylor, D. Moon, R. Economic impact of stable fies Diptera: Muscidae on dairy and beef cattle production. Riha, J. Minar, J. Kralik, O. Economic importance of protecting draft horses used in forestry against blood-sucking dipterous insects. Praha 28 , — CAS Google Scholar.
Krinsky, W. Animal disease agents transmitted by horse flies and deer flies Diptera, Tabanidae. Stoner, C. Caro, T. Ecological and behavioral correlates of coloration in artiodactyls: systematic attempts to verify conventional hypotheses. Behavioral Ecology 14 , — Godfrey, D. Lythgoe, J. Zebra stripes and tiger stripes: the spatial frequency distribution of the pattern compared to that of the background is significant in display and crypsis.
Ecology and sociality in horses and asses. Kimura, R. Mutual grooming and preferred associate relationships in a band of free-ranging horses. Proops, L. McComb, K. Cross-modal individual recognition in domestic horses Equus caballus. Natl Acad. USA , — How, M. Motion dazzle induced by zebra stripes. How the zebra got its stripes — new solutions to an old problem. Biologist 31 , — Hayward, M. Prey preferences of the lion Panthera leo.
Prey preferences of the spotted hyaena Crocuta crocuta and degree of dietary overlap with the lion Panthera leo. Moehlman, P. Penzhorn, B. Volume V. Carnivores, pangolins, equids and rhinoceroses eds Kingdon J. Boyd, L. PhD dissertation, Cornell Univ. Kimura, B. Ancient DNA from Nubian and Somali wild ass provides insights into donkey ancestry and domestication. B , 50—57 Mackerras, I. The classification and distribution of Tabanidae Diptera. General Review. Tashiro, H. Biology of the major species of horse flies of central New York.
Miller, L. Observations of the bionomics of some northern species of Tabanidae Diptera. Chvala, M. Lyneborg, L. Burnett, A. Some influences of meteorological factors on flight activity of female horse flies Diptera: Tabanidae. Alverson, D. Activity of female tananidae Diptera in relation to selected meteorological factors in south Carolina.
Nilsson A. Kriticos, D. CliMond: global high resolution historical and future scenario climate surfaces for bioclimatic modeling. Methods Ecol. Pinheiro, J. Bates, D. DebRoy, S. Burnham, K. Barton, K. MuMIn: Multi-model inference. R package version 1. Harmon, L. Download references. We thank Rickesh Patel for drawings in Fig. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Correspondence to Tim Caro. Reprints and Permissions. Nat Commun 5, Download citation. Received : 20 November Accepted : 04 March Published : 01 April Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:.
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If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate. Advanced search. Skip to main content Thank you for visiting nature. Download PDF. Subjects Evolutionary ecology Zoology. Abstract Despite over a century of interest, the function of zebra stripes has never been examined systematically. You have full access to this article via your institution.
Introduction The striking black and white striped pelage of zebras has intrigued people for millennia and has captured the attention of many biologists 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 but its adaptive significance remains unsolved. Results Overall striping In just single-factor analyses at the species level see Methods , the presence of body stripes was very strongly associated with presence of tsetse flies, with several measures of tabanid fly activity and with presence of lions.
Striping on different parts of the body We next examined different parts of the body separately because striping may be found only in certain areas for example, legs and body of E. Table 1 Full phylogenetic generalized least squares models showing associations between measures of striping and environmental factors.
Full size table. Figure 1: Striping and tabanid activity. Full size image. Discussion There are many hypotheses for striping in zebras: i camouflage against predators through a background matching or b disruptive colouration; ii avoiding being killed by predators through confusion by a misjudging the number of zebras in the group, b the size of the target, c flight speed, or through d quality advertisement or e aposematism; iii cooling the animal; iv social factors, namely, a individual recognition, b social stimulation of conspecifics, c causing individuals to group together, d directing grooming at certain parts of the body or e mate choice; and v avoidance of biting flies, be they a glossinids or b tabanids.
Figure 2: Distributions of equids, tabanids and glossinids. Figure 3: Biting fly preferences and stripe widths. Figure 4: Pelage characteristics of herbivores. Methods Stripes and background colouration To measure equid pelage colouration, we analysed coat patterns and colours using images of extant and extinct equid subspecies obtained from reputable sources online and in print Supplementary Note 2. Range maps For the historical ranges of equid subspecies, we used ref.
Additional information How to cite this article: Caro, T. References 1 Wallace, A. Google Scholar 2 Darwin, C. Article Google Scholar 6 Morris, D. Article Google Scholar 10 Stevens, M. Article Google Scholar 11 Waage, J. Google Scholar 12 Gibson, G. Article Google Scholar 13 Brady, J. Article Google Scholar 14 Egri, A. Article Google Scholar 15 Groves, C. Article Google Scholar 16 Ludwig, A. Google Scholar 18 Cott, H. Google Scholar 21 Kingdon, J.
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